To fix the power inverter , we must first know the working principle and structure of the inverter. It is the so-called knowing ourselves that we can repair the inverter.

First, the inverter overview
The process in which the inverter converts AC power into DC power is called rectification, and the circuit that completes the rectification function is called a rectification circuit, and the device that implements the rectification process is called a rectification device or a rectifier. Correspondingly, the process of converting DC power into AC power is called inverter, and the circuit that completes the inverter function is called an inverter circuit, and the device that implements the inverter process is called an inverter device or an inverter.

Classification of two common inverters
According to the type of inverter main switching device: it can be divided into thyristor inverter, transistor inverter, field effect inverter and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter. It can also be classified into two categories: “half-controlled” inverter and “full control” inverter. The former does not have the self-shutdown capability, and the components lose control after being turned on. Therefore, the “half-controlled” common thyristor belongs to this category; the latter has self-shutdown capability, that is, no device conduction and The turn-off can be controlled by the control electrode, so it is called “full control type”, and the power field effect transistor and the insulated gate dual-weight transistor (IGBT) belong to this category.

How the power inverter works

1. The direct current can be converted into alternating current through the oscillating circuit;
2. The obtained alternating current is boosted by the coil (the square wave AC is obtained at this time);
3. Rectify the obtained alternating current to obtain a sine wave.

Analysis of the working principle of the Inverter in the case is briefly introduced

Input interface section:

The input section has 3 signals, 12V DC input VIN, working enable voltage ENB and Panel current control signal DIM. VIN is provided by the Adapter. The ENB voltage is provided by the MCU on the motherboard. The value is 0 or 3V. When ENB=0, the Inverter does not work, and when ENB=3V, the Inverter is in normal working condition; and the DIM voltage is provided by the motherboard. The range of variation is between 0 and 5V. The different DIM values ??are fed back to the feedback terminal of the PWM controller. The current supplied by the Inverter to the load will also be different. The smaller the DIM value, the larger the current output by the Inverter.

Voltage start circuit:

When ENB is high, the high voltage is output to illuminate the backlight tube of the panel.

PWM controller:

It has the following functions: internal reference voltage, error amplifier, oscillator and PWM, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, short circuit protection, output transistor.

DC conversion:

The MOS switch tube and the energy storage inductor form a voltage conversion circuit, and the input pulse is amplified by a push-pull amplifier to drive the MOS tube to perform a switching action, so that the DC voltage charges and discharges the inductor, so that the other end of the inductor can obtain an AC voltage.

LC oscillation and output loop:

Ensure that the lamp starts with the required 1600V voltage and reduce the voltage to 800V after the lamp is turned on.

Output voltage feedback:

When the load is working, the sampled voltage is fed back to stabilize the Inventer voltage output.

Third, the maintenance and maintenance of the inverter
In fact, you can imagine it. All of these electronic components require positive and negative electrodes, and resistors and inductors are generally not required.

1 Dipole is generally badly broken. As long as the voltage is normal, there is no problem. The triode will not turn on.

2 If the voltage regulator is reversed, it will be damaged. However, the protection of the circuit is generally protected by the single-directional conduction of the diode.

3 capacitors, there are positive and negative points in the capacitor is the electrolytic capacitor, if the positive and negative connection is serious, then its shell burst.

4 It should be checked regularly whether the wiring of each part of the inverter is firm and there is no looseness. In particular, the fan, power module, input terminal, output terminal and grounding should be carefully checked.

5 Once the alarm is stopped, it is not allowed to start up immediately. The cause should be ascertained and repaired before being turned on. The inspection should be carried out in strict accordance with the procedures specified in the inverter maintenance manual.

1. Operators must be specially trained to determine the cause of general faults and to eliminate them, such as skilled replacement of fuses, components, and damaged boards. Untrained personnel are not allowed to work on the equipment.

7 If the cause of the accident or accident that is difficult to eliminate is unclear, the detailed record of the accident should be made and the power inverter manufacturer should be notified in time to solve it.

With the advancement of modern technology, the emergence of inverters provides a lot of convenience for everyone’s life, then what is the power inverter ? What is the working principle of the inverter? Friends who are interested in this, come and follow the decoration home decoration network Xiaobian together to find out. The inverter converts DC power (battery, battery) into alternating current (typically 220V, 50Hz sine wave).
It consists of an inverter bridge, control logic and filter circuits. Widely used in air conditioners, home theaters, electric grinding wheels, power tools, sewing machines, DVD, VCD, computers, televisions, washing machines, range hoods, refrigerators, video recorders, massagers, fans, lighting, etc. In foreign countries, because of the high penetration rate of automobiles, you can use the inverter to connect the battery to drive the electrical appliances and various tools. The inverter is a DC to AC transformer, which is actually a process of voltage inversion with the converter. The converter converts the AC voltage of the grid into a stable 12V DC output, and the inverter converts the 12V DC voltage output from the Adapter into a high-frequency AC power inverter . Both parts also use more pulse widths.

Modulation (PWM) technology. The core part is a PWM integrated controller, the Adapter uses UC3842, and the inverter uses TL5001 chip. The TL5001 operates from a voltage range of 3.6 to 40V and features an error amplifier, a regulator, an oscillator, a PWM generator with dead-band control, a low-voltage protection loop, and a short-circuit protection loop.
Input interface part: The input part has 3 signals, 12V DC input VIN, working enable voltage ENB and Panel current control signal DIM. VIN is provided by the Adapter. The ENB voltage is provided by the MCU on the main board. The value is 0 or 3V. When ENB=0, the inverter does not work, and when ENB=3V, the inverter is in normal working condition; and the DIM voltage Provided by the main board, the range of variation is between 0 and 5V. The different DIM values ??are fed back to the feedback end of the PWM controller. The current supplied by the inverter to the load will also be different. The smaller the DIM value, the current output by the inverter. It is bigger.

Voltage Start Loop: When ENB is high, the output voltage is high to illuminate the backlight tube of the Panel.

PWM controller: It has the following functions: internal reference voltage, error amplifier, oscillator and PWM, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, short circuit protection, output transistor.

DC conversion: The MOS switch tube and the energy storage inductor form a voltage conversion circuit. The input pulse is amplified by a push-pull amplifier and then driven to drive the MOS tube to make the DC voltage charge and discharge the inductor, so that the other end of the inductor can be exchanged. Voltage.

LC oscillation and output circuit: ensure the required voltage of 1600V to start the lamp, and reduce the voltage to 800V after the lamp is started.

In 2018, there will be about 106 GW new photovoltaic equipments in the world, and the market demand of photovoltaic power inverter will keep increasing accordingly. Over 5GW demand markets include China, the United States, India and Japan. China accounts for about 40% of the global market, and the four major markets account for 70% of the global demand. The Asia-Pacific region is still the hottest photovoltaic demand market, with three markets in the top four countries. The global GW market increased to 13 in 2018, two more than in 2017. It is anticipated that the scale of new PV installations will exceed 177 GW in 2019. IHS, an international analyst, is also optimistic about its forecast for the global PV market in 2019, which is expected to reach 123 GW.

From the point of view of the type of products needed, the principle of selecting inverters for large-scale ground power plants, distributed series inverters for Industry and Commerce and residential buildings is still followed worldwide.
Indian photovoltaic inverters market is mainly centralized, with demand accounting for more than 50%; American market is dominated by group series inverters, with 40-60KW group series inverters accounting for more than 50%; and Japanese market, 30-40KW Power Group series inverters account for more than 50%. The European market is also dominated by series inverters, with 30-40KW and 60KW accounting for more than 60%. With the maturity of DC I500V technology and the improvement of market acceptance, 1500V photovoltaic inverters are widely used in large-scale ground power plants in the United States, India and Spain in 2018. It is expected that they will maintain a high growth trend in the future.
P2 International Market Competition

1. product price
   From the product price point of view, as the traditional photovoltaic market tends to stabilize or even decline, the competition of inverters in the traditional market is intensified. At the same time, due to the fluctuation of China’s market policy, the pace of Chinese inverters’going to sea is accelerating, and more and more Chinese enterprises with cost advantages are participating in the competition of emerging markets. The global competition of photovoltaic power inverter is becoming more and more fierce.
   Due to the different scenarios and production costs of different types of inverters, the technical requirements of different types of inverters in different regional markets are also different. In addition to the price differences between different types of inverters, the prices of similar inverters also have obvious regional differences.

From the perspective of market competition pattern, in the process of the evolution of global market pattern, the competition of inverters in emerging markets is becoming more and more fierce. According to the statistics of China Photovoltaic Industry Association, the shipments of Inverters from Shenzhen Kosta, Jinlang Science and Technology, Gurivat, Zhengtai Electrical Appliances and other enterprises are as follows. In terms of key markets, the United States is the second largest demand market after China in 2018. The suppliers of di-changers are still mainly European brands SMA, Power Eetoie and Sor Edge. With the increase of Chinese enterprises’investment in the US market, the market performance of domestic brands is getting better and better, including Jinlang Science and Technology, Zhengtai Electrical Appliances and so on.
Due to the lack of well-known photovoltaic enterprises in Benji, India, photovoltaic equipment mainly depends on imports. ABB, Huawei and Jinlang Technologies are the mainstream photovoltaic power inverter suppliers. Because the Indian market is one of the most potential photovoltaic markets in the future. According to Bridge to India’s “Compass for the First Quarter of Indian Solar Energy 2019”, Delta and Jinlang Technology ranked first and second respectively in the market share of Indian inverters suppliers by the end of the first quarter of 2019.
It is worth pointing out that China’s inverters have taken the lead in Mexico, Brazil and other Latin American markets, accounting for more than 48%. Influenced by the decline of China’s market size, the scale and market share of enterprises focusing on the domestic market have declined to a certain extent. Enterprises focusing on overseas markets such as Jinlang Science and Technology have witnessed a rapid growth in their shipments. From the enterprise’s own point of view, the development of international business is to broaden the enterprise’s horizon, clear self-positioning, and improve the competitiveness of enterprises. From the point of view of enterprise cash flow, the development of international business is conducive to solving the problem of enterprise cash flow. From the perspective of enterprise sales, the development of international business is conducive to broadening sales channels, balancing market distribution, and resolving regional sales risks. In the short run, international demand continues to grow and the trend is general. In the long run, internationalization has become an inevitable trend, and this trend will become stronger and stronger.

On April 17, at the Shanghai International Auto Show, Dena Co., Ltd. announced the introduction of enhanced TM4 < MOTIVE} motors and power inverter for the light vehicle market.
Denner’s new TM4 MOTIVE motor and inverters adopt an integrated system with high speed permanent magnet motor, power-intensive electronic inverters and advanced controllers, which can achieve the highest standards of efficiency, reliability and performance of electric vehicles.
The product can be seamlessly integrated into the Dena Spicer gearbox and electric axle, thus providing a cost-effective, three-in-one turnkey solution for electric vehicle manufacturers.

TM4 MOTIVE motors and inverters can be used as front or rear drives of small passenger cars separately, or can be configured to run in series to meet the application requirements of higher total vehicle weight, and can be applied to commercial vehicles up to level 2.
Dena TM4 motor and inverter is the latest and most advanced combination in the series, with excellent torque and power density, longer driving mileage and a variety of applications. The combination weighs 50 kg and can be extended to 150 kW and 11,000 rpm. In addition, the integrated inverters are 33% smaller than the previous generation.
The system can now be tested by customers and is expected to be put into operation in China by 2020.

Bob Pyle, president of Dena Light Vehicle Drive Group, said: “The technology in the electric vehicle market is developing rapidly and will achieve higher power inverter density, lighter weight and maximum torque in the future. Denner has helped Chinese automobile manufacturers to develop electric drive systems through a comprehensive drive mix, expertise in global electrification systems and nearly 30 years of experience in China.
To support the development of China’s automotive electrification, Denner is actively expanding its business layout. Denner’s business in China dates back to 1991 and currently has 23 factories in China with more than 6,750 employees (including Denner’s minority-owned business).
Dena serves many light vehicle manufacturers in China, including BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Dongfeng Automobile, Ford, Guangzhou Automobile, Great Wall, Lamborghini, McLaren, Porsche, SAIC, GM Wuling, Toyota and Volkswagen Group.
In March this year, TM4 announced the offline launch of the 12,000 TM4 SUMO () transmission systems for passenger and commercial vehicles. Its main customers in China are Haig, Yaxing, Futian, Yinlong and Jinlong.
The design of Dena TM4 MOTIVE motor and inverter was completed by TM4 Company in Bucheville, Quebec, Canada. The production plant is located in Weifang, Shandong Province.
TM4 is a joint venture between Dena and Quebec Hydropower Company. Quebec Hydropower is Canada’s largest power inverter company and one of the largest hydropower companies in the world.

Recently, Bloomberg New Energy BNEF released the World’s Most Financing Value Report 2019, which for the first time joined the research on inverters. Sunshine Power Inverter is recognized by 100% of the world’s technical experts and respondents, and has won the title of “Inverter Brand with the Most Financing Value in the World”! This means that banks are more willing to provide non-recourse loans to photovoltaic power generation projects using solar power inverter . At the same time, compared with other photovoltaic brands, solar power inverters are easier to help project developers obtain bank financing.

The BNEF report shows that Sunshine Power has the strongest record in long-term financing projects.
The report surveys the photovoltaic industry stakeholders such as global financial institutions, project developers, independent power producers and operators, and conducts in-depth interviews with quality inspection and technical experts. The survey covers 25 GW photovoltaic products worldwide. Sunshine power supply passes through multiple evaluation items such as product quality, product performance in power plant, local support and long-term reliability with full score.
In the evaluation of the brand financial value of power inverter , product reliability, local support services and supply chains are the most important measurement dimensions. At the same time, they are also unique to Sunshine Power.
Product reliability:
Sunshine Power has 22 years of research and development technology precipitation, more than 1600 patent applications, as well as TV Rhine, TV Nande, CNAS, UL and other authoritative global authorities authorized independent testing centers, each product through more than 1000 rigorous testing… Driven by technology and guaranteed by rigorous testing, high reliable products are continuously exported to the market.
The company’s core products, photovoltaic inverters, have been sold in batches to Germany, Italy, Australia, the United States, Japan, India and more than 60 countries. Up to the first half of 2019, the company has accumulated over 87GW of inverters installed in the global market, and won the recognition and trust of many well-known partners around the world.
Local support and services:
Relying on the global marketing and operation service network, Sunshine Power localizes its products and services according to the needs of different national markets. Up to now, Sunshine Power has set up more than 50 service outlets and local warehouses overseas, established a mature global service system from pre-sale to after-sale, supported 7*24 hours after-sale service, and quickly solved every difficult problem of customers.
Supply chain system:
Faced with the trend of globalization, Sunshine Power chooses the best quality industry chain, gathers the whole industry chain together, and constructs a sustainable and more competitive sunshine supply chain system. At the same time, Sunshine Power Co., Ltd. will join hands with suppliers to strengthen innovation, continuously reduce costs and increase efficiency, drive its own development by customer needs, enhance market and technology synergy, and create high-quality products that truly satisfy customers.
The ” power inverter Brand with the Most Financing Value in the World” is based on Sunshine People’s decades of dedication and technological innovation, but also benefited from the trust and recognition of global customers. In the future, Sunshine Power will continue to cultivate advanced technology, introduce more high-value-added products, cooperate with global customers and jointly develop the global photovoltaic market.

On August 22, the first Vietnam-China New Energy Summit was held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In his speech, the representative of Ningbo Jinlang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. introduced the development of series power inverter in large-scale projects.
According to Jinlang Solis, the global market for group-series inverters will grow from $2.88 billion in 2017 to $4.67 billion in 2023, doubling the market size. Jinlang Solis points out that with the expansion of the market, large-scale projects will be the optimal application scenario for group-series inverters, and large-scale power plants with 100 MW class or more added in Vietnam will be group-series inverters. Inverter brings a wide range of application scenarios.

At present, Jinlang Solis Inverter is striving to achieve cost reduction and efficiency. In 2015, Jinlang Solis passed the DNV-GL PVEL reliability test in the United States. According to Jinlang Solis, Jinlang’s automated manufacturing process can reduce labor management costs and improve quality. The system using Jinlang series inverters uses more AC components than DC components, which saves the cost of system investment. The built-in arc fault circuit breaker and IV curve scanning function of Jinlang Inverter can detect the fault link timely and accurately. Jinlang integrates BOS cost into power inverter , which saves installation labor and operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the first-class system compatibility of Jinlang Inverter can minimize the impact of fault on the whole system, and improve the availability and reliability of the system.
Jinlang Technology was founded in 2005. In 2012, Jinlang and Shanghai Jiaotong University jointly built the Academician Workstation. In 2015, Jinlang equipment was installed on the Eiffel Tower, a famous landmark in France. In March 2019, Jinlang was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange A-share. At present, the project covers more than 100 countries in the world, with total assets of 164 million US dollars. It is the only A-share listed company focusing on series power inverter in the world.
According to Jinlang Solis, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance and Finance’s “Financability Value Report of Components and Inverters 2019”, Jinlang Solis ranked second to third in the list of Inverter Financability with sound financial performance, reliable product quality and good corporate reputation.

In the first half of this year, the global photovoltaic market ushered in an explosive period, and the export volume of domestic power inverter was the best in history. Customs data show that Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Huawei”) ranked first in the first half of the export of industrial products, and Shenzhen Gurivat New Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Gurivat”) ranked second in the total output of 86153 inverters. As can be seen from the figure below, Huawei and Gurivat are ranked as the first echelons in the shipment of inverters, with the number of inverters exceeding 80,000. The Netherlands, a strong photovoltaic market with strong exports in Europe, has attracted a large number of shipments recently, with Gurivat delivering 43,487 inverters, ranking first.

The vigorous development of the new energy industry in the UK market has also given domestic power inverter a useful place. Generally speaking, the markets where Chinese manufacturers ship more goods to Europe are mainly the Netherlands, Italy and the United Kingdom, while Belgium and Poland are also regarded as important markets with potential for development. Australia and the Americas are booming. Beyond Europe, more companies are focusing on Australia in the southern hemisphere. Gurivat is a large domestic export enterprise in Australia, with a shipment of more than 10,000 units. The time of testing water photovoltaic products in Australia was almost the same as that in China in 2001. In 2009, the local photovoltaic tariff subsidy policy was introduced. At the end of last year, the country’s total installed capacity exceeded 11GW. Among them, the installed capacity of small roof is expected to reach 10GW this year. Because a large number of Australian households are independent villas or houses, coupled with a large number of separate public buildings and commercial facilities, they provide relatively convenient conditions for the use of distributed products. As far as the Americas is concerned, the power inverter in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and other places are shipped vigorously. In Mexico, where recent growth in photovoltaic demand has been unabated, Gurivat shipments are huge. In addition, Brazil has become a hot spot for major manufacturers. Industry analysts point out that domestic product shipments are affected by U.S. restrictions on domestic export components. However, Chinese manufacturers have long-term vision and timely location changes. So when the demand in South America is seen, every country will try to make the market bigger, and naturally there will be a lot of gains.

First, what is UPS ? What is its working principle and application scope?
Uninterruptible power supply ( UPS ) is a kind of power supply equipment that can keep its load equipment from external power system interruption for a period of time.
With the continuous development of digital computer technology, its application has gradually penetrated into industrial control, banking, power, military, financial, communications and other important departments, which also puts forward more stringent requirements for the stability and reliability of computers. The emergence of UPS is to cope with the sudden power outage, voltage instability, power line clutter* and other problems that often occur in the power system, to ensure that the computer system can continue to work normally when the power supply problems arise.
UPS works like a reservoir. When the external power supply is normal, UPS will not only supply power to the load normally, but also convert part of the electric energy into chemical energy to store. Once the external power supply is suddenly interrupted, UPS will immediately start the inverters, which will rapidly convert the chemical energy into electrical energy to supply power to the load continuously, so as to ensure the normal work of the load equipment. Do.

1. How to Choose an UPS Power Supply Suitable for You
   According to the statistics of 86ups.com, a global professional UPS power data website, there are as many as 20 UPS power brands in the market, totaling 1643 UPS power products. Faced with so many kinds of UPS power products, which one is more suitable for you?
2. How to Choose Online and Backup UPS Power Supply
   Generally, online UPS has a high price, but its protection function is very perfect. It can filter out all kinds of viruses parasitic on the vast majority of power grids and fully guarantee the stability and safety of load equipment. Backup UPS has a small volume and low price, and can also prevent data loss caused by power failure for some equipment systems that are not particularly important. No problem.
   If economic conditions permit, of course, first online UPS. But from an economic point of view, a backup UPS power supply is enough for ordinary families, or ordinary office space with low requirements.
3. Choose what capacity of UPS power supply is adequate
   At present, the average power consumption of a computer is about 250 VA, and a backup 500 VA UPS can provide about 10 minutes of power for it. This period of time has fully guaranteed that you have enough time to save the files, and then shut down the computer normally. There are many computers at home that can calculate the total power by themselves, and then select the appropriate UPS capacity. For some special commercial and industrial applications, the calculation is much more complicated. Because these departments often require UPS to ensure that dozens of computers can work for more than ten hours or even tens of hours without power supply.
   UPS Battery Charging and Discharging Knowledge
   I. About Charging
4. When UPS is floating charging, please charge it with constant voltage or current below 0.002CA at a charge voltage of 2.275V/cell (set at 20 C). When the temperature is below 0C or above 40C, it is necessary to modify the charging voltage. With 20C as the starting point, the single cell voltage changes – 3MV with each change of one degree.
5. When cycling charging, the charging voltage is 2.40-2.50V/cell (the setting value at 20 C), and the charging voltage is constant. When charging at temperatures below 5C or above 35 C, starting at 20 C, the charging voltage is adjusted to -4mv/cell for each change.
6. The initial charge current is controlled below 0.25CA.
7. Charging capacity is set to 100-120% of discharge capacity, but when the ambient temperature is below 5C, it is set to 120-130%.
8. The lower the temperature (below 5C) is, the longer the charging end time is, the higher the temperature (above 35C) is, the more likely it is to be overcharged. Therefore, it is better to charge within 5C-30C, especially in cyclic use.
9. In order to prevent overcharging, install charging timer as far as possible, or automatically convert to Trickle-flow charging mode.
10. When charging, the temperature of the battery should be controlled in the range of – 15C to + 40C.
    II. ON DISCHARGE
    When discharging, the temperature of the battery should be controlled in the range of – 15 -+50%.
    Continuous discharge current should be controlled below 3CA (H below 6CA).
    The discharge termination voltage varies with the magnitude of the current, as described below. Note that when amplifying, the voltage should not be lower than the following voltage.
    Please charge quickly after discharging. If discharged carelessly, please charge immediately.
    III. Installation Notes
    When installing batteries, the following must be observed:
11. Do not install batteries near the sealed space or fire, otherwise there is a risk of explosion and fire.
12. Don’t cover the battery with ethylene film which may cause static electricity. Sometimes it will cause explosion when static electricity is generated.
13. Do not install batteries in places where water is likely to enter. Otherwise, there is a risk of electric shock and fire.
14. Do not install batteries in the environment of – 40 C~60 C.
15. Do not use batteries where there is dust, otherwise it may cause short circuit of batteries.
16. When putting the battery into the box, we should pay attention to the air circulation.
17. Do not press the upper cover with sticky or labeled objects. Because there is an exhaust valve under the upper cover, the gas generated in the battery will not escape.
18. When the number of parallel connection is floating charging, the plug-in terminal batteries can only be connected with three rows. There is no special restriction on bolted terminals, but the number of connection is small and the reliability increases. In addition, in parallel connection, it is necessary to consider making the connection conductor and contact resistance equal between the columns. In order to keep the charge and discharge batteries in balance, the actual use should not exceed three columns.
19. When using batteries with different capacities, new and old, and manufacturers with different batteries, it is possible to damage batteries and machines because of their different characteristics, so please avoid using them.
    IV. On custody
20. When keeping, please note that the temperature should not exceed – 20 ~40 ~C.
21. Batteries must be kept in full charge when they are in storage. Since some capacity will be lost due to self-discharge during transportation or storage period, please make up the power supply when using.
22. For long-term storage, in order to compensate for self-discharge during storage, please make a supplementary call. Storage over 40C has a bad effect on battery life, please avoid!
23. Keep in a dry, low temperature and well ventilated place.
24. If the battery packaging is improperly wetted by water during storage or transfer, the packaging carton should be removed immediately to avoid the water-wetted carton becoming a conductor and causing battery discharges or burning positive extremities.
    V. Daily Inspection and Maintenance
25. Check batteries regularly. If dust and other external contamination are found, please clean the batteries with water or cloth soaked in warm water. Do not use gasoline, banana water and other organic solvents or oils for cleaning, in addition, please avoid the use of chemical fiber cloth.
26. When the total voltage or the indicator value of the voltmeter on the indicator panel deviates from the benchmark value shown in the table below (+0.05V/cell) during floating charging, the reasons should be investigated and handled.

ABB and the Italian company FIMER S.p.A announced that they have signed an agreement for FIMER to acquire ABB’s solar inverter business. The transaction will enhance the future prospects of the solar power inverter business and will enable ABB to focus its business portfolio on other growth markets.
ABB’s solar inverter business has approximately 800 employees in more than 30 countries, with manufacturing and R&D sites located in Italy, India and Finland. It includes the solar inverter business from Power-One which was acquired by ABB’s Discrete Automation and Motion division in 2013. The business offers a comprehensive portfolio of products, systems, and services for different types of solar installations. It is currently within ABB’s Electrification business and achieved revenues of approximately $290 million in 2018.

Both companies will ensure a smooth transition for customers and employees. FIMER will honor all existing warranties and ABB will compensate FIMER for taking the business and its liabilities over.
As a result, ABB expects to take an after-tax non-operational charge of approximately $430 million in the second quarter of 2019 with the half-year results of 2019 being impacted accordingly. Around 75 percent of this charge is represented by cash outflows ABB will pay to FIMER from the deal closing date through 2025. In addition, ABB expects up to $40 million of carve-out related separation costs starting in the second half of 2019.
After closing of the transaction, ABB expects the operational EBITA margin for the Electrification business to be impacted positively by slightly more than 50 basis points, supporting the business’ progress towards its target margin corridor of 15-19 percent. power inverter

Completion is expected in the first quarter of 2020 and will be subject to certain conditions, including the completion of the carve-out and prior consultation with employee representative bodies.

On July 9, ABB Switzerland, the former giant of photovoltaic inverters, officially announced on its official website that it would withdraw from the business of photovoltaic inverters.
It will be sold to FimerS.p.A., an Italian company.
On July 9, ABB and Fimer S.p.A, an Italian company, announced that they had signed an agreement requiring Fimer to acquire ABB’s solar inverters business. The deal will enhance the future prospects of solar inverters and enable ABB to focus its portfolio on other growth markets.
ABB’s solar power inverter business has about 800 employees in more than 30 countries, with production and R&D bases in Italy, India and Finland. These include PowerOne solar inverters acquired by ABB Discrete Automation and Sports in 2013. The company provides a comprehensive portfolio of products, systems and services for different types of solar installations. At present, in ABB’s electrification business, revenue in 2018 is about $290 million.
ABB expects to charge about $430 million in after-tax non-operating fees in the second quarter of 2019, which will affect its half-year performance in 2019. About 75% of the costs are expressed by cash outflows, and ABB will pay Fimer from the end of the transaction to 2025. In addition, ABB expects the cost of divestiture-related separation to be as high as $40 million starting in the second half of 2019. After the end of the transaction, ABB expects that the pre-tax operating profit margin of electrification business will be positively affected by slightly more than 50 basis points, supporting the business towards the target profit margin corridor of 15-19%.
It is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2020 and will be subject to certain constraints, including completion of sculpture and prior consultation with employee representatives.
Performance of ABB Inverter

1. Global Shipment Volume Fifth in 2018
   According to the statistics of China’s photovoltaic industry, in 2018 ABB’s photovoltaic power inverter shipments ranked fifth in the world. The top 10 companies in global sales are shown in the table below.
   According to the introduction of CPIA:
   China Sunshine Power and the photovoltaic inverters led by Huawei and German SMA still have a high market share, ranking third. In 2018, the total output of the three enterprises accounted for more than 40% of the global market share. Among them, the global photovoltaic inverters shipment of solar power in 2018 is as high as 16.7 GW; the global photovoltaic inverters shipment of SMA22018 is only 8.5 GW, which is the same as that of 2017; Huawei has greatly increased its market share in recent two years by virtue of its brand awareness and channel advantages of global sales and services.
   Apart from the three companies mentioned above, the top ten companies in the world are quite controversial. According to Wood Mackenzie’s public report, Power Electronics, ABB, Shannon Electric, Goodway, Solar Edge, Ingeteam and Substation Workers rank fourth to tenth respectively. According to the statistics of China Photovoltaic Industry Association, the shipments of Inverters from Shenzhen Kosta, Ningbo Jinlang, Guruiwat and Zhengtai Electric Appliances are equal to or slightly higher than those from Shangneng Electric and Goodway, which are listed in the top ten enterprises.
   In the process of the evolution of global market structure, the competition of inverters in emerging markets is becoming more and more fierce. ABB used to have the largest market share in India. According to a study by Mercom India Research Company in 2017, ABB’s cumulative shipments in India as of the second quarter of 2017 were as high as 5GW, accounting for more than 20% of the Indian market.
   ABB withdrawal will undoubtedly bring more opportunities to China’s photovoltaic inverters enterprises!
   The Decline of Foreign Photovoltaic Equipment Enterprises
   Ten years ago, European and American enterprises almost occupied the top ten positions of photovoltaic Inverters by virtue of their advantages in the electric field. Now, one by one, they are gradually withdrawing.
   Siemens and Schneider have long disappeared from the Chinese market.
   In the previous article, “Shan Te and Emerson Te of Photovoltaic Inverter”, two Whampoa Military Academies of Photovoltaic Inverter in China, Emerson of the United States and Shant of Taiwan of China, are introduced. Today, Emerson Inverter Business in the United States has become Shannon Electric!
   Three SMA companies affiliated to German SMA Group in China were renamed Esquieu after completing their MBO in February this year, and new LOGO was launched at the same time.
   Foreign inverters companies are withdrawing from the market and are in a depressing state. In contrast, many new power inverter are making a strategic move in addition to entering the top four enterprises. Rookies such as Goodway, Gurivat and Jinlang have risen rapidly and exuded vigor.